Tue, 26 December 2017
Monday of the Third Week of Advent. Father Dave explains the name Emmanuel, which means "God is with us." He understands us fully and His coming means that He is with us. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 12-18-17. |
Tue, 26 December 2017
Third Sunday of Advent. Father Dave preaches on Gaudete Sunday and poses the question: who are you? Our identity should be rooted in Christ, who is the source of our joy. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 12-17-17. |
Tue, 26 December 2017
Monday of the Thirty-fourth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave relates the story of the Widow's Mite to the importance of giving, and how we may not realize just how much our support affects others. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 11-27-17. |
Mon, 25 December 2017
Monday of the thirty-third week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave relates the healing of blind Bartimeus to our need to recognize that Jesus is with us. God encourages us to be persistent in our relationships with Him, just as Bartimeus was. We should not be afraid to bring our needs to Jesus, and trust that He hears our prayers. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 11-20-17.
Direct download: 11-20-17_Bartimeus-AModelForChristianLife.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 9:41pm EST |
Mon, 20 November 2017
Monday of the Thirty-second Week in Ordinary Time. The first verse in The Book of Wisdom is "love justice." Father Dave says that we should apply this saying to everything we do in our lives. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 11-13-17. |
Mon, 20 November 2017
Thirty-second Sunday in Ordinary Time. Recently, Pope Francis made headlines after saying that he doesn't want people taking photos on their cell phones while he celebrates Mass. Father Dave reflects on the pope's words, and says that if we all truly believe that we are looking at the Body of Christ, than we should be fully engaged in the moment. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 11-12-17.
Direct download: 11-12-17_CellPhonesAtMassVsThePresentMoment.mp3
Category:general -- posted at: 4:06pm EST |
Tue, 14 November 2017
Monday of the Thirtieth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave reminds us of the comforting feeling that we have when we are surrounded by other people supporting us. Father Dave says that even when we feel alone, we aren't, because God is always with us in everything we do. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-29-17. |
Thu, 9 November 2017
Thirtieth Sunday in Ordinary Time. In today's Gospel reading, Jesus is tested by some people who try to trick him. They ask him what the greatest commandment is, and Jesus responds with two commandments; love God and love your neighbor as yourself. Father Dave emphasizes striving to follow these two great commandments. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-29-17. |
Thu, 9 November 2017
Wednesday of the Twenty-ninth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave remembers an old marketing campaign from Sprite that said "obey your thirst." Father Dave says that we don't always have to obey our thirst when it comes to our physical and worldly desires; instead, we should obey our thirst when it comes to God and our spiritual lives. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-25-17. |
Tue, 31 October 2017
Monday of the Twenty-ninth Week in Ordinary Time. Do you store up a lot of "stuff?" Father Dave considers how we're quick to fill up our phones and hard drives with things that take up space. Rather than deleting those old pictures off of our devices, we might just decide to get a new hard drive. Father Dave encourages us to get a new hard drive for God and start filling it up with acts of kindness, selflessness, and other good acts that will bring us closer to Him. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-23-17. |
Tue, 31 October 2017
Twenty-ninth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that we often live in a split screen society, allowing ourselves to only hear and view one side of the story. Today's readings emphasize that we have to follow Jesus' example by taking in God's full message. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-22-17. |
Thu, 26 October 2017
Memorial of Saints John de Brébeuf and Isaac Jogues, Priests, and Companions, Martyrs. Father Dave considers that some people view the Catholic faith as an old and outdated religion that no longer applies to today's world. Father Dave says that this could not be farther from the truth, and talks about how we can apply the Bible's lessons to our lives today. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-19-17. |
Mon, 16 October 2017
Monday of the Twenty-seventh Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that we go to great lengths to try and avoid God and his will for us. Father Dave's message: Accept God fully. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-09-17. |
Mon, 16 October 2017
Thursday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that in today's culture, people are always looking for the next new and exciting thing. He makes the point that going to Mass -- an ancient tradition -- is countercultural. Father Dave encourages us to continue going to Mass because these ancient rituals will sustain us more than a new gadget or exciting experience. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-05-17. |
Sun, 8 October 2017
Memorial of the Guardian Angels. In the wake of the Las Vegas shooting, Father Dave remembers a group of children playing in the streets of Jerusalem and seeing how much hope they had. Father Dave encourages us to remember times of hope in our lives when we need them during times of tragedy. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-02-17.
Direct download: 10-02-17_TheChildrenOfJersalemGiveUsHope.mp3
Category:general -- posted at: 3:15pm EST |
Sun, 8 October 2017
Twenty-Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that Christianity doesn't work like billable hours where we get paid or rewarded for everything we do. The actions we perform in faith are expected and required of us. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 10-01-17. |
Sun, 8 October 2017
Twenty-fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave remembers a time as a preschooler when he was to afraid to let go of a pole he was hugging and play with the other kids. He likens his experience to the way might we approach forgiveness. Despite the struggle, we eventually must let go of our hard feelings and forgive. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 09-17-17.
Direct download: 09-17-17_HuggingThePoleOfUnforgiveness.mp3
Category:general -- posted at: 2:57pm EST |
Tue, 19 September 2017
Twenty-third Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave talks about a feature in his rental car that causes the car to beep if you drift into another lane, and simultaneously reflects on the Able's words to God when he asked, "Am I my brother's keeper?" Father Dave reminds us that, as a community, we have the responsibility to help someone when they start "drifting" away from their faith. Preached in Niwot, Colorado on 09-10-17. |
Mon, 11 September 2017
Twenty-second Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that there are times in our faith lives when we lose contact with God. As we approach fall, Father Dave challenges us to use this time to rediscover God in our lives, and fall in love with God again. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, in Los Angeles, California on 09-03-17. |
Sun, 3 September 2017
Wednesday of the Twentieth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that we should be like the landowner in today's Gospel who goes out to the marketplace and asks people to help him with his land. We have a responsibility to keep going out and trying to bring people to the Church. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 08-23-17. |
Sun, 3 September 2017
Monday of the Twentieth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave considers the solar eclipse as a metaphor for our faith lives. Do you ever block out God in your life? Do you prevent good things from shining into your life because of a fear of the unknown? Father Dave encourages us to avoid blocking out God in our lives so we can all experience his warmth and love. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 08-21-17. |
Tue, 22 August 2017
Twenty-first Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave preaches on a difficult Gospel reading this week that doesn't cast Jesus in the best light. Father Dave unpacks this misconception of a racist Jesus while also reflecting on the current racial and political climate. Father Dave challenges us to examine ourselves and how we treat others. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 08-20-17. |
Mon, 21 August 2017
Thursday of the Nineteenth Week in Ordinary Time. Going through times of change can be stressful, and it's often more comfortable to slip back into situations that are familiar to us. Father Dave encourages us to persevere through times of transition, especially if we might be asking for forgiveness. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 08-17-17.
Direct download: 08-17-17_CrossingTheThresholdOfForgiveness.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 1:11pm EST |
Mon, 21 August 2017
Feast of St. Lawrence. Father Dave reflects on the life of St. Lawrence, and considers how he lived with great cheerfulness, even up to the moment of his death. We can be more like St. Lawrence, and spread cheerfulness to others as we go about our days. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 08-10-17.
Direct download: 08-10-17_GIveCheerfullyLikeStLawrence.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 1:06pm EST |
Tue, 15 August 2017
Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Father Dave says that we are all searching for an amazing "mountaintop" experience that will strengthen our faith in God, but first we must agree to the challenge of trekking up the mountain so that we can have that powerful moment. Preached at St. Mary's of the Lake Church in Lake George, New York on 08-06-17. |
Wed, 9 August 2017
Thursday of the Sixteenth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says we have eyes so that we can see things, but sometimes we use them to see things we shouldn't, or we miss seeing things we should be seeing. God gave us Jesus so we can see and hear his word. Now it's time to focus on him and follow him. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 07-27-17. |
Mon, 7 August 2017
Solemnity of Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. Father Dave says that Jesus showed us and continues to show us how to love everyone and everything around us. This homily was preached by Father Dave on a cruise ship during the "Footsteps of St. Paul" Pilgrimage on 06-23-17. |
Tue, 1 August 2017
Monday of the Sixteenth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave says that we are constantly looking for signs from God -- to do something, to not do something, or to prove that God exists. Jesus tells us that He has already given us a sign. His Resurrection is the only sign we need. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 07-24-17. |
Tue, 1 August 2017
Thursday of the Fifteenth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave thinks back to picking up his friend from the airport recently. He offered to help carrying his friend's bags, but his friend insisted on carry his own. Father Dave thinks about it as a metaphor. Sometimes we can be a bit stubborn when it comes to opening up to God about our baggage, but can Jesus help us with the weight. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 07-20-17. |
Mon, 24 July 2017
Fifteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Jesus tells the parable about seeds being spread across every type of surface including rock, dried out land, and fertile soil. Father Dave says that while a farmer would not waste his time trying to grow seeds in bad soil, God always makes the effort to raise up our faith, even when are distant from Him. Preached at Sacred Heart in Lake George Village on 07-16-17. |
Mon, 17 July 2017
Monday of the Fourteenth Week in Ordinary Time. In his homily, Father Dave says the Bible is filled with stories of people who are going through difficult times and who rely on their strong faith and trust in God to pull them through. Father Dave makes the point that we should not only put our trust in God when times are tough, but instead, we should always trust God -- during good times, bad times, and the in-between. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 07-10-17. |
Wed, 28 June 2017
Thursday of the Tenth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave considers the old playground adage, "Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me," and reflects on how hurtful words can actually be. Father Dave encourages us to think about the impact our words have on others, and use them to build each other up. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 06-15-17. |
Wed, 28 June 2017
Monday of the Tenth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave reflects on today's opening prayer, where we ask God to help us discern what is right and how we can go about doing it. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 06-12-17. |
Mon, 26 June 2017
The Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity. Father Dave says that Trinity Sunday, many pastors use metaphors to try to explain the Trinity (everything from a shamrock to a fidget spinner!) Father Dave emphasizes that the Trinity is a mystery that we can never fully understand. Instead we should embrace the mystery of it, and form a community that comes together because of it. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 06-11-17. |
Tue, 20 June 2017
Thursday of the Ninth Week in Ordinary Time. It's not always easy to be Catholic, especially when God calls us to be the best possible Catholic we can be, no matter what. Father Dave emphasizes that we must always be willing to give our very best to God. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 06-08-17. |
Fri, 16 June 2017
Pentecost Sunday. Father Dave Dave talks about the many and diverse ways in which donations are used to help the Paulist Fathers and their missions. If you would like to support the Paulist Fathers, you can give here. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church in Westwood, California on 06-04-17. |
Tue, 13 June 2017
Feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Father Dave highlights that sometimes God uses people we might regard as insignificant in society to do big things. In this case, God uses Mary and Elizabeth to help carry out some very important tasks. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 05-31-17. |
Sun, 21 May 2017
Thursday of the Third Week of Easter. Father Dave says that we should always have the desire to keep growing and learning in our faith, just like the Egyptian in today's readings. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-30-17. |
Sun, 21 May 2017
Monday of the Third Week of Easter. We are constantly looking for signs and miracles from God. But when they aren't there, we have to rely on our belief in God even more. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-30-17. |
Thu, 18 May 2017
Third Sunday of Easter. Father Dave says that Jesus is always with us, and one of the many ways we can encounter him is in the breaking of the bread at Mass. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-30-17. |
Sun, 14 May 2017
Thursday of the Second Week of Easter. Today's Gospel reading from John uses the words "belief" and "obedience" as synonyms for each other. Father Dave reflects on what this means for our lives. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-27-17. |
Tue, 9 May 2017
Monday of the Second Week of Easter. Father Dave relates a beer commercial featuring actor Sylvester Stallone and boxer Canelo Alvarez to today's readings. In the commercial, Stallone encourages Alvarez to "be bold." Father Dave says that when it comes to our faith life, we should do the same. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-24-17. |
Tue, 9 May 2017
Second Sunday of Easter. Father Dave says today's readings are some of his favorites in the whole Bible because they talk about living in a perfect Catholic community. In order for us to achieve this though we need God's mercy. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-23-17. |
Wed, 3 May 2017
Thursday in the Octave of Easter. Father Dave says there might be someone in our lives who is trying to trip us up or bring us down. In contrast, Jesus is always trying to help us. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-20-17. |
Tue, 2 May 2017
Monday in the Octave of Easter. Father Dave says that Jesus' Resurrection is not news to us, but during this Easter Octave, try to remember what it felt like when you first heard the good news, and felt the joy that comes along with it. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-17-17. |
Sun, 23 April 2017
The Mass of Easter Day. Father Dave says that Easter represents more than just eggs, the Easter Bunny or springtime. Easter is a time for us to reaffirm our belief in Jesus. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-16-17. |
Sun, 23 April 2017
Monday of Holy Week. Father Dave says that like Judas and many of the other Jews in the Old Testament, we too envision Jesus to be different, because Jesus often challenges us to do things that we don't always expect or want to do. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-10-17.
Direct download: 04-10-17_DoUWishJesusWasSomebodyHesNot.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 4:16pm EST |
Thu, 20 April 2017
Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion. We are like the donkey that Jesus rode in on during today's readings. Without Jesus we are ordinary and insignificant but with him we are great and loved. Preached at St.Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-09-17. |
Wed, 19 April 2017
Monday of the Fifth Week of Lent. Father Dave says that Jesus had a unique ability to be compassionate and merciful towards everyone he met, but also he was able to uphold God's laws in a loving way. We should strive to be like Jesus, merciful but yet faithful to his rules. Preached at St.Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 04-03-17.
Direct download: 04-03-17_JesusUniqueAbilityToTemperJusticeWithMercy.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 1:17am EST |
Thu, 13 April 2017
Wednesday of the Fourth Week of Lent. Father Dave describes the common problem of always wanting to do things our own way, instead of listening to God. Preached at Mother Seton Catholic Church, Germantown, MD on 03-29-17. |
Thu, 13 April 2017
Tuesday of the Fourth Week of Lent. In today's readings, we hear about Ezekiel's dream of water flowing out of the temple, growing deeper and stronger as it flows along. Father Dave says that our faith should be like the water, growing deeper and stronger constantly. Preached at Mother Seton Catholic Church, Germantown, MD on 03-28-17.
Direct download: 03-28-17_TheWaterGetsDeeperFartherFromTheTemple.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 4:41pm EST |
Thu, 13 April 2017
Fourth Sunday of Lent. Father Dave says that sometimes we can suffer from "spiritual blindness" while allowing other things in our life to distract us. Lent is a good time for us to regain our sight and heighten our faith. Preached at Mother Seton Catholic Church, Germantown, MD on 03-26-17.
Direct download: 03-26-17_OurOtherSensesAreHeightened.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 4:35pm EST |
Tue, 4 April 2017
Wednesday of the Third Week of Lent. Father Dave says that faith isn't only personal - we should share our faith with everyone, and do our best to teach them about the love of God. Preached at St. Kilian Catholic Church, Mission Viejo, CA on 03-22-17. |
Tue, 4 April 2017
Tuesday of the Third Week of Lent. There are two big themes that come up quite often in The Bible: trust and forgiveness. Father Dave says that if we are able trust in God and forgive others, we are on the right track. Preached at St. Kilian Catholic Church, Mission Viejo, CA on 03-21-17. |
Tue, 4 April 2017
Solemnity of Saint Joseph, spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary. On the feast day of Saint Joseph, Father Dave reflects on how we can all be more like Saint Joseph, who was not only righteous in his faith, but also pastoral while practicing it. Preached at St. Kilian Catholic Church, Mission Viejo, CA on 03-20-17.
Direct download: 03-20-17_Joseph-RighteousAndPastoral.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 4:03pm EST |
Mon, 3 April 2017
Third Sunday of Lent. Father Dave says that throughout the Old Testament, God asks us what it will take for us to believe in Him? Despite us continually failing, God still sticks by us. Preached at St. Kilian Catholic Church, Mission Viejo, CA on 03-19-17. |
Sun, 26 March 2017
Thursday of the Second Week of Lent. We've all been disappointed in someone who has let us down at one point or another. Father Dave says that God will never let us down, and that if we put our full trust in Him, we will never be disappointed. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-16-17. |
Thu, 23 March 2017
Thursday of the First Week in Lent. Have you ever had that email sitting in your inbox for months that you just never had time to read? Sometimes when we pray, it can feel like God doesn't answer us or hear our prayers. Father Dave says that the opposite is true - God always hears our prayers. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-09-17.
Direct download: 03-09-17_OnTheDayICalled4HelpUansweredMe.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 12:08am EST |
Wed, 22 March 2017
Monday of the First Week of Lent. Jesus and Moses say that we should always treat everyone around us equally no matter who they are. Father Dave says that Lent is a good time for us to start or renew our commitment to treating people with dignity and respect. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-06-17. |
Sun, 12 March 2017
First Sunday of Lent. In today's readings, we hear about the devil tempting two different people; Adam in the creation story, and Jesus in the desert. Father Dave explains that during Lent, we have a choice - we can either be like Adam and give into the devil's temptation, or be like Jesus and stand strong in our faith. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-05-17. |
Sun, 12 March 2017
Thursday after Ash Wednesday. In today's reading from Deuteronomy, we hear that we should choose life. Father Dave says that the message of choosing life extends far beyond politics, and is something we should focus on every day, especially during Lent. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-02-17. |
Mon, 6 March 2017
Ash Wednesday. Father Dave says that Ash Wednesday is one of the few days of the year, specifically marked on the calendar, when Catholics are able to start our spiritual lives over, and demonstrate our commitment to faith to others. Preached at St. the Apostle Church, New York City on 03-01-17. |
Mon, 6 March 2017
Saturday of the Seventh Week in Ordinary Time. In today's readings, Jesus encourages adults to be more childlike in spirit. What does this mean for our spirituality? Father Dave reflects on how we can be more playful, real, joyful, and imaginative in our faith lives. Preached at L.A. Congress at The Anaheim Convection Center on 02-25-17. |
Wed, 1 March 2017
Monday of the Sixth Week in Ordinary Time. Sometimes we don't pay attention to the signs God is giving us, or we miss them entirely. Father Dave reminds us to keep searching for signs from God. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 02-13-17. |
Wed, 22 February 2017
Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Father Dave reads some student essays that a college professor posted in response to the Sermon On The Mount. Many students reflected that the teachings are no longer relevant to today's world. Father Dave points out the difficulty and timeless value of Jesus' lessons. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 02-12-17. |
Wed, 22 February 2017
Thursday of the Fifth Week in Ordinary Time. Father Dave points out that though the Bible can come off as very politically incorrect, it's not meant to be interpreted this way. We should look at the deeper meaning behind the stories in question. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 02-09-17. |
Sun, 12 February 2017
Memorial of Saint Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs. Father Dave reflects on the different moments of happiness and despair we endure throughout our lives. He invites us to remember the happy feelings of faith in our lives, because there will be days when we need the hope of those moments. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 02-06-17.
Direct download: 02-06-17_UpsAndDownsOfTheChristianLife.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 9:05pm EST |
Sun, 12 February 2017
Fifth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Jesus makes an analogy about the importance of salt, and how the value of salt is reliant upon whether or not we actually use it. Father Dave draws a comparison to a modern day example of toys - if we don't play with them are they really toys? We have to use the gifts that God gives us, or else they have no value. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 02-05-17. |
Mon, 6 February 2017
Thursday of the First Week in Ordinary Time. Sometimes, we have hardened hearts towards particular people in our lives. A reflection on striving for a heart full of compassion, like Jesus had, so we can be more open and accepting towards others. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 01-12-17. |
Mon, 6 February 2017
Monday of the Fourth Week in Ordinary Time. A bad habit is tough to break, and it's often easy for us to become set in our ways. Father Dave reflects on fighting against these negative thoughts and actions, and moving towards a willingness to be healed, even when it's difficult. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 01-30-17.
Direct download: 01-30-17_EasierToLiveWithDisfunctionThan2Bhealed.mp3
Category:podcasts -- posted at: 5:15pm EST |
Mon, 6 February 2017
Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time. Jesus tells us to be "poor in spirit," but what does that actually mean? Father Dave explains this burning desire to be with God. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 01-29-17. |
Mon, 6 February 2017
Thursday of the Second Week in Ordinary Time. Samuel tells God, "Lord, I have come to do your will." Father Dave reflects on what Samuel's spirit of service means for us, especially when we take actions of direct service like volunteering at a local soup kitchen. Father Dave considers what it means to be open and accepting of doing the Lord's will, even when it isn't easy. Preached at St. Paul the Apostle Church, New York City on 01-19-17. |